什么是1964年民权法

综合性的美国法律，目的为在公共场所消灭种族、肤色、宗教或国籍方面的歧视，常被视为美国重建时期（1865～1877）以来最重要的民权立法。「民权法」第一篇保障平等的选举权；第二篇禁止在州际贸易中的公共场所有任何歧视行为；第七篇禁止在工会、学校或从事州际贸易或与联邦政府进行交易的雇主推行歧视（包括性别歧视）；第四篇要求废除公立学校的种族隔离政策；第六篇保证在根据联邦资助计画进行的资金分配没有歧视。在1972年的修正案（即「雇用机会均等法」）中，扩大了第七篇的范围到州和地方政府的雇员，并增加雇用机会均等委员会的权力，它是在1964年创设，以落实第七篇条款。1963年甘乃迪总统批准这项法案，并在詹森总统任内加强和通过成为法律。参阅Civil Rights Movement。

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Comprehensive U.S. law intended to end discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin. It is generally considered the most important U.S. law on civil rights since Reconstruction (1865-77). It guarantees equal voting rights (Title I); prohibits segregation or discrimination in places of public accommodation (Title II); bans discrimination, including sex-based discrimination, by trade unions, schools, or employers that are involved in interstate commerce or do business with the federal government (Title VII); calls for the desegregation of public schools (Title IV); and assures nondiscrimination in the distribution of funds under federally assisted programs (Title VI). A 1972 amendment, the Equal Employment Opportunity Act, extended Title VII coverage to employees of state and local governments and increased the authority of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, which was created in 1964 to enforce Title VII provisions. The act was proposed by Pres. John F. Kennedy in 1963 and strengthened and passed into law under Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson. See also civil-rights movement.