什么是形上学
哲学的分支,其目的在於确定事物的真实本质,确定存在物的意义、结构和原理。在西方哲学史上,对形上学有四种看法:一、是对存在物(如精神和物质)的探求;二、是一种「实在」的科学,与「表象」相反;三、是对世界整体的研究;四、是第一原理(或本体)的理论。形上学的字面意义是「物理学之後」,曾被用於指亚里斯多德着作中亚里斯多德自称的「第一哲学」那部分。亚里斯多德已为哲学家区分了两种任务:研究自然界以及存在於自然界和理性世界的特性,以及探求「存在」以及不动的物质、「不动的行动者」的特点。前一条组成「第二哲学」,主要在他的《物理学》中论述;第二条也叫做「神学」(因为上帝是不动的行动者),在其着作《形上学》中有论述。
metaphysics
Branch of philosophy whose object is to determine the real nature of things, to determine the meaning, structure, and principles of whatever is insofar as it is. In the history of Western philosophy, metaphysics has been understood as: (1) an inquiry into what sorts or basic kinds of things (e.g., the mental and the physical) exist; (2) the science of reality, as opposed to appearance; (3) the study of the world as a whole; and (4) a theory of first principles. The term means literally “what comes after physics,” and was used to refer to the contents of Aristotle's treatise on what he himself called “first philosophy.” Aristotle had distinguished two tasks for the philosopher: to investigate the nature and properties of what exists in the natural, or sensible, world, and to explore the characteristics of “being as such” and inquire into the character of “the substance that is free from movement,” the unmoved mover. The first constituted “second philosophy” and was carried out primarily in his Physics; the second, which he also called “theology” (because God was the unmoved mover), is discussed in his Metaphysics.
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隋侯之珠是什么意思?
意思是:隋:古国名。比喻珍贵的物品。成语名字:隋侯之珠成语发音:suíhóuzhīzhū成语解释:隋:古国名。比喻珍贵的物品。成语出处:《庄子让王》:“今且有人于此,以隋侯之珠,弹千仞之雀,世必笑之。是何也?则其所用者重,而所要者轻也。《淮南子览冥训》:“譬如隋侯之珠,和氏之璧...
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鱼龙曼羡是什么意思?
意思是:喻世事变幻。成语名字:鱼龙曼羡成语发音:yúlóngmànxiàn成语解释:喻世事变幻。成语出处:清·龚自珍《小游仙词》之六:“顽仙一觉浑瞒过,不在鱼龙曼羡中。”成语繁体:魚龍曼羡感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作宾语、定语;用于书面语成语结构:偏正式成语产生年代:近代...
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牛蹄之涔是什么意思?
意思是:涔:雨水。牛蹄印中的积水。形容水量极少。也比喻处在不能有所作为的境地。成语名字:牛蹄之涔成语发音:niútízhīcén成语解释:涔:雨水。牛蹄印中的积水。形容水量极少。也比喻处在不能有所作为的境地。成语出处:《淮南子汜论训》:“夫牛蹄之涔,不能生鳣鲔。”...
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无可比象是什么意思?
意思是:没有什么可与譬比。成语名字:无可比象成语发音:wúkěbǐxiàng成语解释:没有什么可与譬比。成语出处:宋·张君房《云笈七签》第71卷:“焕彻如寒霜素雪之状,又似钟乳垂穗之形,五色备具,无可比象。”成语繁体:無可比象感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作谓语、定语;指没有...