什么是情绪
一种情感方面的意识(consciousness),通常被认为是主观的感受、行为的表达和神经化学活动的综合表现。大部分的研究者主张,情绪是人类演化遗迹的一部分,藉由增加一般知觉和促进社交而逐渐适应的结果。1872年达尔文(Charles Darwin)首度提出非人类的动物也具有情绪。有广泛影响的早期情绪理论家是美国的詹姆斯和兰格(Carl Georg Lange, 1834~1900),他们认为情绪是人对外在刺激而产生的体内生理反应的一种知觉。甘农(Walter B. Cannon)质疑这种观点,并引导人注意视丘(thalamus)可能是情绪反应的一种源头。後来的研究者把焦点转向脑干结构,即网状结构,它结合了脑部活动和可引发情绪的认知或行动。认知心理学家们已着重研究在情绪形成中比较、相称性、评估、记忆、属性所扮演的角色。所有的现代理论家都认同情绪影响了人们的知觉、学习和回忆,以及在个人发展上扮演重要的作用。跨文化研究显示,许多情绪是全世界一样的,但它们所表达出的特别含意和风俗却大不相同。
emotion
Affective aspect of consciousness. The emotions are generally understood as representing a synthesis of subjective experience, expressive behavior, and neurochemical activity. Most researchers hold that they are part of the human evolutionary legacy and serve adaptive ends by adding to general awareness and the facilitation of social communication. Some nonhuman animals are also considered to possess emotions, as first described by Charles Darwin in 1872. An influential early theory of emotion was that proposed independently by William James and Carl Georg Lange (1834-1900), who held that emotion was a perception of internal physiological reactions to external stimuli. Walter B. Cannon questioned this view and directed attention to the thalamus as a possible source of emotional content. Later researchers have focused on the brain-stem structure known as the reticular formation, which serves to integrate brain activity and may infuse perceptions or actions with emotional valence. Cognitive psychologists have emphasized the role of comparison, matching, appraisal, memory, and attribution in the forming of emotions. All modern theorists agree that emotions influence what people perceive, learn, and remember, and play an important part in personality development. Cross-cultural studies have shown that, whereas many emotions are universal, their specific content and manner of expression vary considerably.
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无疆之休是什么意思?
意思是:无限美好;无穷幸福。成语名字:无疆之休成语发音:wújiāngzhīxiū成语解释:无限美好;无穷幸福。成语出处:《尚书·太甲中》:“皇天眷佑有商,俾嗣王克终厥德,实万世无疆之休。”成语繁体:無畺之休感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作宾语;用于书面语成语结构:偏正式成语产生...
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与物无忤是什么意思?
意思是:谓处世态度随和,与人无所抵触。成语名字:与物无忤成语发音:yǔwùwúwǔ成语解释:谓处世态度随和,与人无所抵触。成语出处:《周书·苏亮传》:“宝夤作乱,以亮为黄门侍郎。亮善处人间,与物无忤。及宝夤败,从之者遇祸,唯亮获全。”成语繁体:與物無忤感情色彩:中性成语成...
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捧心西子是什么意思?
意思是:西子:春秋时越国美女西施。西子因心痛而捧心皱眉,仍然显得很漂亮。形容美女娇弱之态。成语名字:捧心西子成语发音:pěngxīnxīzǐ成语解释:西子:春秋时越国美女西施。西子因心痛而捧心皱眉,仍然显得很漂亮。形容美女娇弱之态。成语出处:战国·宋·庄周《庄子·...
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无名之朴是什么意思?
意思是:亦作“无名之璞”。①道家谓质朴自然、玄默无为之“道”为“无名之朴”。②未出名的璞玉。喻不为人知的才识之士。成语名字:无名之朴成语发音:wúmíngzhīpǔ成语解释:亦作“无名之璞”。①道家谓质朴自然、玄默无为之“道”为“无名之朴”。②未出名的璞...