什么是城邦
一个独立城市的一种政治制度,对其周围地区享有主权,并为其宗教、政治、经济和文化生活的中心。这个名词起源於19世纪後期的英国,专指古希腊、腓尼基等殖民地,就其规模、独占性、爱国精神及独立愿望等方面而言,都与部落或国家制度有所不同。也许源自部落制度瓦解和各分裂集团在西元前1000~西元前800年组成独立的城邦核心。到西元前5世纪时,城邦数目有好几百个,雅典、斯巴达和底比斯是其中最重要的几个。由於不能组成永久性的联盟或联邦,它们就成了马其顿王国、迦太基人和罗马帝国的牺牲品。到11世纪,在义大利的城邦有复兴之势。中世纪义大利城邦的成功归因於与东方贸易而繁荣,这些城邦包括比萨、佛罗伦斯、威尼斯和热那亚,一些城邦残存至19世纪。中世纪日耳曼城邦包括汉堡、不来梅和吕贝克。现今唯一还存在的城邦是梵谛冈城。
city-state
Political system consisting of an independent city with sovereignty over a fixed surrounding area for which it served as leader of religious, political, economic, and cultural life. The term was coined in the 19th century to describe ancient Greek and Phoenician settlements that differed from tribal or national systems in size, exclusivity, patriotism, and ability to resist incorporation by other communities. They may have developed when earlier tribal systems broke down and splintered groups established themselves as independent nuclei c. 1000-800 BC; by the 5th century BC they numbered in the hundreds, with Athens, Sparta, and Thebes among the most important. Incapable of forming any lasting union or federation, they eventually fell victim to the Macedonians, the Carthaginians, and the Roman empire. In the 11th century the city-state revived in Italy; the success of medieval Italy's city-states, including Pisa, Florence, Venice, and Genoa, was due to growing prosperity from trade with the East, and several survived into the 19th century. Germany's medieval city-states included Hamburg, Bremen, and Lübeck. The only city-state extant today is Vatican City.
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隋侯之珠是什么意思?
意思是:隋:古国名。比喻珍贵的物品。成语名字:隋侯之珠成语发音:suíhóuzhīzhū成语解释:隋:古国名。比喻珍贵的物品。成语出处:《庄子让王》:“今且有人于此,以隋侯之珠,弹千仞之雀,世必笑之。是何也?则其所用者重,而所要者轻也。《淮南子览冥训》:“譬如隋侯之珠,和氏之璧...
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谩不经意是什么意思?
意思是:谓随随便便不放在心上。谩,通“漫”。成语名字:谩不经意成语发音:mànbùjīngyì成语解释:谓随随便便不放在心上。谩,通“漫”。成语出处:明·张居正《乞鉴别忠邪以定国事疏》:“今谓皇上谩不经意,一切委之于臣,何其敢于厚诬皇上邪?”成语繁体:謾不經意感情色彩:中...
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折箭为誓是什么意思?
意思是:折断箭以表示自己的决心和誓约。成语名字:折箭为誓成语发音:shéjiànwéishì成语解释:折断箭以表示自己的决心和誓约。成语出处:宋·岳珂《桯史·二将失律》:“虏既得俊迈,折箭为誓,启门以出二将。”成语繁体:摺箭為誓感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作宾语、定语;用...
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与物无忤是什么意思?
意思是:谓处世态度随和,与人无所抵触。成语名字:与物无忤成语发音:yǔwùwúwǔ成语解释:谓处世态度随和,与人无所抵触。成语出处:《周书·苏亮传》:“宝夤作乱,以亮为黄门侍郎。亮善处人间,与物无忤。及宝夤败,从之者遇祸,唯亮获全。”成语繁体:與物無忤感情色彩:中性成语成...