什么是韩战

Korean War

北韩和南韩之间爆发的冲突。第二次世界大战末期，苏联军队在北纬38线以北接受日军投降，美军则在该线以南受降。後来在协商两半地区统一时失败，北半部在苏联支持下建立起一个共产主义国家（北韩），南半部（南韩）则由美国在背後支持。联合国安理会後来删除缺席的苏联代表权，通过一项决议要求所有联合国成员帮助制止北韩的侵略，美国总统杜鲁门於是下令美国军队支援南韩。刚开始北韩军队势如破竹，把南韩军队和联合国部队一路进逼到朝鲜半岛的南端，但麦克阿瑟将军成功地运用战略扭转了联合国部队的劣势，甚至把联合国军队推进到北韩与中国交界处附近。中国此时开始参战，并把联合国部队逼退到南部。战线最後沿38线稳定下来。此时麦克阿瑟要求轰炸中国的东北基地，但杜鲁门拒绝了该项建议，麦克阿瑟不服，因而被解除了指挥权。艾森豪当选总统後，与北韩缔结了停战协定，前线被接受为北韩与南韩事实上的分界线。韩战的死亡人数如下︰南韩约130万人，中国100万人，北韩50万人，美国约37,000人，以及联合国军队里的少数各国人士。

1950～1953年

Korean War

Conflict arising after the post-World War II division of Korea at lat. 38° into North Korea and South Korea. At the end of the war, Soviet forces accepted surrender of Japanese forces north of that line while U.S. forces accepted surrender south of it. Negotiations failed to reunify the two halves, the northern half being a Soviet client state and the southern half being backed by the U.S. In 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea. The U.N. Security Council, minus the absent Soviet delegate, passed a resolution calling for the assistance of all U.N. members in halting the invasion, and Pres. Harry Truman ordered U.S. troops to the assistance of South Korea. At first the North Korean forces drove the South Korean and U.N. forces down to the southern tip of the Korean peninsula, but the brilliant tactics of Gen. Douglas MacArthur turned the tide in favor of the U.N. troops, who advanced to near the border of North Korea and China. The Chinese then entered the war and drove the U.N. forces back south; the front line stabilized at the 38th parallel. MacArthur favored bombing China at this point and was relieved of his command when he refused to accept Truman's decision to the contrary. Pres. Dwight D. Eisenhower participated in the conclusion of an armistice that accepted the front line as the de facto boundary between the two Koreas. The war resulted in the deaths of 1.3 million South Koreans, 1 million Chinese, 500,000 North Koreans, 37,000 Americans, and smaller numbers of other nationals in the U.N. forces.