什么是甘贝尔家族

苏格兰贵族家庭，在中世纪晚期取得显着地位的洛考的甘贝尔家族。1457年科林.甘贝尔男爵（卒於1493年）被封为第一代阿盖尔伯爵。第四代伯爵阿奇伯德（卒於1558年）是一名新教领袖。第五代伯爵阿奇伯德（1532年～1573）也是名新教徒，但他支持信奉天主教的苏格兰玛丽女王。第八代伯爵阿奇伯德（1607～1661）是英国内战时期，苏格兰的反保王派领袖。他的儿子第九代伯爵阿奇伯德（1629～1685）也是苏格兰新教领袖，因反对信奉天主教的詹姆斯二世国王而被斩首。第十代伯爵阿奇伯德（1651年～1703）恢复了家族的称号和财产。并被封为阿盖尔公爵﹔他发动对格伦科的麦克唐纳家族进行大屠杀。第二代公爵约翰.甘贝尔（1678～1743）支持英格兰和苏格兰的联合，也是平定詹姆斯党叛乱（1715）的不列颠军队司令。第三代公爵阿奇伯德（1682～1761）是汉诺威时代的政客。他死後因无合法的子嗣，其头衔转由马莫雷的甘贝尔家族继承。

Campbell family

Scottish noble family. The Campbells of Lochow gained prominence in the later Middle Ages. In 1457 Colin Campbell, Baron Campbell (died 1493), was created 1st earl of Argyll. Archibald (died 1558), 4th earl, was a leading Protestant. Archibald (1532?-1573), 5th earl, was also a Protestant but supported the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots. Archibald (1607?-1661), 8th earl, was the leader of Scotland's anti-Royalist party in the English Civil Wars. His son Archibald (1629-1685), 9th earl, was a Protestant leader executed for his opposition to the Roman Catholic king James II. Archibald (1651?-1703), 10th earl, regained the family estates and was created 1st duke of Argyll; he organized the massacre of the Macdonalds of Glencoe. John Campbell (1678-1743), 2nd duke, supported union with England and was commander of the British forces in the Jacobite rebellion of 1715. Archibald (1682-1761), 3rd duke, was a prominent politician during the early Hanoverian period in Britain. After he died without a legitimate heir, the succession passed to the Campbells of Mamore.