什么是墨西哥城

正式名称Ciudad de México, D. F.

墨西哥联邦区首府，海拔约2,240公尺，是世界最大和发展最快速的大都会之一。其出产的工业产品约占全国的1/3。位於一块古老的湖床上，是阿兹特克人首都特诺奇蒂特兰的旧址所在，1521年西班牙的探险家科尔特斯占领之。在殖民地时期为新西班牙总督辖区的首府。1821年墨西哥革命军在伊图尔维德将军的领导下占据该城，墨西哥战争期间为美国人夺占（1847），1863～1867年被马克西米连带领的法国军占领。在迪亚斯在位期间大为发展。1985年发生的一次强震造成9,500人死亡。旧城市中心在索卡洛，有很多历史建筑，包括大都会大教堂（建在一座阿兹特克人神庙旧址上）和国家宫殿（建在蒙提祖马二世宫殿的废墟上）。教育机构包括墨西哥国立自治大学（1551）、墨西哥学院和伊比利亚－美洲大学。面积1,479平方公里。人口：都会区约16,560,000（1995）。

Mexico City

Capital (metro. area pop., 1995 est.: 16,560,000) of the Federal District and of Mexico. Located at an elevation of 7,350 ft (2,240 m), and occupying an area of 571 sq mi (1,479 sq km), it is the world's largest city proper and one of the world's fastest-growing metropolitan areas. It generates about one-third of Mexico's industrial production. It lies on an ancient lake bed, the site of the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlán, which was taken by the Spanish explorer Hernan Cortes in 1521. It was the seat of the viceroyalty of New Spain throughout the colonial period. Captured by Mexican revolutionaries under Gen. Agustin de Iturbide in 1821, it was seized by the U.S. in 1847 during the Mexican War and by the French 1863-67 under Maximilian. It was greatly improved during the presidency of Porfirio Diaz. In 1985 it was struck by a severe earthquake that killed 9,500 people. The old city center, the Zócalo, has many historic buildings, including the Metropolitan Cathedral (built on the site of an Aztec temple) and the National Palace (built on the ruins of the palace of Montezuma II). Its educational institutions include the National Autonomous University of Mexico (founded 1551), the College of Mexico, and the Ibero-American Univ.