什么是詹姆斯二世

James II

英国国王（1685～1688）。是哥哥查理二世的继承人。英国内战期间逃往尼德兰（1648）。1660年查理二世复辟後回到英格兰，任海军大臣，在英荷战争中指挥舰队作战。1668年左右改信天主教，1673年因不愿按宗教考查法宣誓而辞去所有职务。1678年他对天主教的支持使得人心惶惶，以致发生了一场天主教阴谋，造他企图暗杀查理，登上王位，因此连续几届的国会都取消他的王位继承权。1685年查理去世时，詹姆斯在少有人反对下即位，圣公会也强力支持他。一些叛乱的发生使他在军队和高官中安插了天主教徒，并延宕了充满敌意的国会会期。他的儿子的诞生意味又是一个可能的天主教继承者，因而导致了光荣革命，他逃往法国。1689年他率领军队在爱尔兰登陆，企图夺回王位，但在伯因河战役中被击败，只好继续在法国流亡。

1633～1701年

James II

King of Great Britain (1685-88). He was brother and successor to Charles II. In the English Civil Wars he escaped to the Netherlands (1648). After the Restoration (1660), he returned to England and became lord high admiral in the Anglo-Dutch Wars. He converted to Catholicism c. 1668, and resigned in 1673 rather than take the Test Act oath. By 1678 his Catholicism had created a climate of hysteria about a Popish Plot to assassinate Charles and put James on the throne, and successive Parliaments sought to exclude him from succession. By the time Charles died (1685), James came to the throne with little opposition and strong support from the Anglicans. Rebellions caused him to fill the army and high offices with Roman Catholics and suspend a hostile Parliament. The birth of his son, a possible Catholic heir, brought about the Glorious Revolution in 1688, and he fled to France. In 1689 he landed in Ireland to regain his throne, but his army was defeated at the Battle of the Boyne, and he returned to exile in France.