什么是雪曼

Sherman, William Tecumseh

美国军官。约翰.雪曼的哥哥。毕业於西点军校，之後在佛罗里达和加利福尼亚服役。1853年脱离军队，进入银行业。於南北战争爆发後再加入联邦军。曾参与布尔渊战役，在塞罗任职於格兰特手下期间晋升为少将。和格兰特将军一起赢得维克斯堡战役和查塔诺加战役的胜利。作为密西西比师的司令，他调集十万大军攻进乔治亚（1864）。在与约翰斯顿率领的同盟军交战後，攻下亚特兰大，并放火烧毁该城。之後开始积极破坏性的「向海洋进军」，以夺取塞芬拿。部队所经之地成为一片废墟。1865年向北挺进，毁坏了同盟军的铁路和南、北卡罗来纳的供应基地。4月26日接受约翰斯顿军队的投降。被晋升为上将，并继承格兰特担任军队司令（1869～1884）。由他提出的「战争即为地狱」常被後人引用。是现代总体战争的主要设计者。

1820～1891年

Sherman, William Tecumseh

U.S. Army general. Born in Lancaster, Ohio, a brother of John Sherman, he graduated from West Point, served in Florida and California, then resigned in 1853 to pursue a banking career. He rejoined the Union army when the American Civil War broke out. He fought in the Battle of Bull Run, then served under Ulysses S. Grant at Shiloh and was promoted to major general. With Grant he helped win the Vicksburg Campaign and the Battle of Chattanooga. As commander of the division of the Mississippi, he assembled 100,000 troops for the invasion of Georgia (1864). After engagements with Confederate troops under Joseph Johnston, he captured and burned Atlanta and began his devastating March to the Sea to capture savannah, leaving a trail of near-total destruction. In 1865 he marched north, destroying Confederate railroads and sources of supply in North and South Carolina. He accepted the surrender of Johnston's army on April 26. Promoted to general, he succeeded Grant as commander of the army (1869-84). Often credited with the saying “War is hell,” he was a major architect of modern total war.