什么是三十年战争
Thirty Years' War
由於宗教、王朝、领土及商贸竞争等多种原因引起的欧洲地区一系列断断续续的冲突。全面的战争主要是由奥地利哈布斯堡王室控制的罗马帝国和由瑞典、荷兰反天主教势力支持的新教诸侯之间发生的斗争。其中也包含了与哈布斯堡王室联合的反法势力。冲突爆发於1618年,但是未来的皇帝斐迪南二世在其统治区域对罗马天主教施压,导致新教贵族起义。「布拉格扔出窗外」事件(Defenestration of Prague)是此次战争的导火线。战争的战场集中在德国诸侯国,因争夺战利品导致这些诸侯国遭到严重破坏。天主教联盟早期的胜利与瑞典的军事积累相抵消。西伐利亚和约(1648)标志着「三十年战争」的结束。此後,欧洲的势力均衡已经被完全打破。法国成为主要的西方强权国家,而神圣罗马帝国的诸国也完全独立,建立了由独立国家组成的现代欧洲框架。
1618~1648年
Thirty Years' War
Series of intermittent conflicts in Europe fought for various reasons, including religious, dynastic, territorial, and commercial rivalries. The overall war was mainly a struggle between the Habsburg-controlled Holy Roman Empire and the Protestant principalities that relied on the chief anti-Catholic powers of Sweden and the Netherlands. It also involved the rivalry of France with the Habsburg powers, which formed anti-French alliances. The conflicts began in 1618 when the future emperor Ferdinand II tried to impose Roman Catholicism on his domains and the Protestant nobles rebelled; the war was sparked by the Defenestration of Prague. The battlefield centered on the principalities in Germany, which suffered severely from plundering armies. Early successes by the Catholic League were countered by military gains by Sweden. When the bloodshed ended with the Peace of Westphalia (1648) , the balance of power in Europe had been radically changed. France emerged as the chief Western power and states of the Holy Roman Empire were granted full sovereignty, establishing a framework for a modern Europe of sovereign states.
-
攀登者故事原型
吴京饰演方五洲,网爆原型人物是夏伯渝。夏伯渝曾是中国国家登山队主力队员。1975年夏伯渝首次挑战登珠峰时,双腿小腿截肢。但这没有阻断他的登山梦。装上假肢后,夏伯渝继续锻炼,准备了43年后,他终于登上了珠峰峰顶。中国第一位尝试攀登珠峰的残疾人。张译饰演曲松林...
-
攀登者电影票房
《攀登者》累计票房:10.69亿。《攀登者》是由李仁港执导,吴京、章子怡、张译等主演的剧情片,于2019年9月30日在中国上映。该片是“庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年优秀国产新片展映”七部重点影片之一,讲述了1960年中国登山队成功从北坡登顶珠穆朗玛峰,完成人类首次北...
-
什么东西有头无脚
有头无脚的东西有很多:蛇火柴蚯蚓,鱼,蝌蚪锄头,枕头,插头,烟头,砖头,拳头,火车头,水龙头等。尤其是蛇这种动物很形象,蛇是爬行动物,身体细长,体上有鳞,没有四肢。种类很多,有的有毒,有的无毒。以蛙、鼠为食,大蛇亦吞食大的兽类。蛇是当今自然界最成功的食肉动物群之一,身影遍布...
-
李海 晓菲是什么电视剧里的
李海、晓菲是电视剧《婚姻时差》里的角色。《婚姻时差》是中国电影股份有限公司、北京华录百纳影视股份有限公司联合出品的都市情感剧,由李牧鸽执导,王志飞、江珊、周显欣等人领衔主演。该剧讲述了一对令人羡慕的夫妻,妻子陪女儿移民加拿大求学,丈夫留守国内,夫妻二...