什么是宗系遗传
公认的社会家系体制,各个社会都不相同,一个人可以据此宣称和另一个人有亲属关系(kinship)。宗系遗传制度的实践意义在於,一个人可以据此申明自己的权利、义务、特权或地位。当以亲属关系决定继位、遗产继承(inheritance)或住宅继承时,宗系遗传制度具有特殊影响。限制亲属关系之认同的方法之一是仅强调双亲中一方的种种关系。这种所谓「单系」亲属制度有两种主要类型︰父系(或男系)制度强调父亲方面的种种关系;母系(或女系)制度强调母亲方面的种种关系。单系制度与所谓同族制度大不相同,根据同族制度,每一个人对父系及母系亲属负有同样的义务及责任,反过来也可以从父系及母系亲属指望获得同样权利和特权。在结构上,并从权利及义务上讲,同族制度是模糊的,趋向於成为工业化程度较高的国家的特性,在这些国家,个人的权利及义务日益为制度及法律所规定。
descent
System of acknowledged social parentage whereby a person may claim kinship ties with another. Descent systems vary widely. The practical importance of descent comes from its use as a means for individuals to assert rights, duties, privileges, or status. Descent has special influence when rights to succession, inheritance, or residence follow kinship lines. One method of limiting the recognition of kinship is to emphasize the relationship through one parent only. Such unilineal kinship systems are of two main types—patrilineal systems, in which the relationships through the father are emphasized; and matrilineal systems, in which maternal relationships are stressed. These systems differ radically from cognatic systems, in which everyone has similar obligations to, and expectations from, both paternal and maternal kin. The cognatic system is somewhat vague and tends to characterize the more industrialized countries, in which individual rights and duties are increasingly defined institutionally or legally.
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野无遗才是什么意思?
意思是:见“野无遗贤”。成语名字:野无遗才成语发音:yěwúyícái成语解释:见“野无遗贤”。成语出处:《魏书·阳尼传》:“举贤良,黜不肖,使野无遗才,朝无素餐。”成语繁体:野無遺才感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作宾语、定语;指爱惜人才成语结构:偏正式成语产生年代:古代成语...
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沂水春风是什么意思?
意思是:沂水:河水名,在山东省曲阜县境内,孔子出生地。春风:春天和暖的风,比喻良好的熏陶和教育。来自沂水的春风。比喻深受孔学的教育与熏陶。成语名字:沂水春风成语发音:yíshuǐchūnfēng成语解释:沂水:河水名,在山东省曲阜县境内,孔子出生地。春风:春天和暖的风,比喻良好...
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折冲之臣是什么意思?
意思是:谓忠勇之臣。成语名字:折冲之臣成语发音:shéchōngzhīchén成语解释:谓忠勇之臣。成语出处:《汉书·王尊传》:“刺讥不惮将相,诛恶不避豪强,诛不制之贼,解国家之忧,功著职修,威信不废,诚国家爪牙之吏,折冲之臣。”成语繁体:摺衝之臣感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作宾语;...
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朴斫之材是什么意思?
意思是:加工治理而尚未成器之材。成语名字:朴斫之材成语发音:pǔzhuózhīcái成语解释:加工治理而尚未成器之材。成语出处:晋·葛洪《抱朴子·博喻》:“肤表或不可以论中,望貌或不可以核能,仲尼似丧家之狗,公旦类朴斫之材。”感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作宾语;用于书面语...