什么是底比斯

希腊语作锡韦（Thívai）

希腊中东部波奥蒂亚州主要城市、古希腊重要城市和强国之一。传说称底比斯由卡德摩斯神创建，为伊底帕斯国王的住地，并且是许多希腊着名悲剧的发生地。城内着名建筑七门墙通常被认为是安菲翁神的特徵。在青铜器时代（西元前1500～西元前1200?年）底比斯是迈锡尼政权的一个中心。由於与雅典存在利益冲突，在波斯战争和伯罗奔尼撒战争中分别与波斯人和斯巴达人合作。随後，底比斯人和斯巴达人之间爆发冲突，并被斯巴达人占领。约西元前380年，底比斯人起义并在Tegyra（西元前375年）和留克特拉（西元前371年）战役中打败斯巴达人。在随後的十年时间里，底比斯成为希腊主要的军事力量。西元前338年其与雅典人共同对抗马其顿王国的菲利普二世，後在喀罗尼亚战役中战败。西元前336年底比斯被亚历山大大帝征服，并於西元前1世纪最终归於罗马人的统治之下。底比斯仅存的历史遗址中包括古城墙遗迹、迈锡尼宫殿（西元前1450～西元前1350?年）和一座阿波罗神庙。

Thebes

Ancient city, Boeotia, eastern central Greece, one of the chief Greek city-states. Traditionally said to have been founded by Cadmus, it was the seat of the legendary Oedipus and the setting for many classic Greek tragedies. The building of its celebrated seven-gated wall is usually attributed to Amphion. It was a center of Mycenaean power in the Bronze Age (c. 1500-1200 BC). Hostility to Athens led it to side with the Persians in the Persian Wars and with Sparta in the Peloponnesian War. Thebes and Sparta subsequently clashed, and the victorious Sparta occupied it. It revolted c. 380 BC and defeated Sparta at the battles of Tegyra (375 BC) and Leuctra (371 BC). For the next 10 years it was the chief military power in Greece. It joined Athens against Philip II of Macedon and shared the defeat at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC. It was sacked by Alexander the Great in 336 and eventually fell to Rome in the 1st century BC. Among the few ancient remains are remnants of the city walls, the Mycenaean palace (c. 1450-1350 BC), and a temple of Apollo.