什么是法术
指据说可以动员非人力所能及的神秘外力以影响自然事物的仪式或活动(如符咒或咒语)。法术构成许多宗教系统的核心,在不少无文字文化中扮演着重要的社会角色。法术与宗教的区别在於法术更侧重於非人力的、机械性的作用,也更强调技巧。其技巧常常被认为是达到某种目的的手段(例如使敌军溃败、下雨等),也有一种观点认为这种活动是超自然现象的一种象徵和表达方式,因此求雨的仪式往往既是一种祈求又是和雨相关的农业活动的象徵。术士和法术仪式基本上是围绕着禁忌、净化手续和其他活动进行,吸引参与者进入法术的境界。在西方传统中一直都有法术,过去是和异教徒、炼金术士、女巫和魔术师有关,而现在则和撒旦崇拜等活动有关。魔术表演(有时称为戏法)靠的就是手的细微动作和别的相似方法。亦请参阅shaman、voodoo、witchcraft and sorcery。
magic
Use of means (such as charms or spells) believed to have supernatural power over natural forces. It constitutes the core of many religious systems and plays a central social role in many nonliterate cultures. Magic is often distinguished from religion as being more impersonal and mechanical and emphasizing technique. Its techniques are usually regarded as means to specific ends (an enemy's defeat, rainfall, etc.), although another view ascribes a more symbolic, expressive character to such activity. Thus, a rainmaking ritual may both elicit rainfall and stress the symbolic importance of rain and the agricultural activities associated with it. Both the magician and the magical rite are typically surrounded by taboos, purification procedures, and other activities that draw the participants into the magical sphere. Strains of magic in Western tradition, formerly associated with heretics, alchemists, witches, and sorcerers, persist in modern times in the activities of satanists and others. The art of entertaining by performing apparently magical feats (sometimes called conjuring) relies on the use of slight of hand and other means. See also ritual, shaman, vodun, witchcraft and sorcery.
-
什么是脂类
难溶于水而易溶于乙醚、氯仿或苯等非极性溶剂中的有机化合物,或称脂质。种类甚多,其化学结构各异,包括甘油三脂、磷脂、神经磷脂及固醇等。脂质代谢的紊乱可导致高脂血症、脂肪肝等疾患。脂类广泛存在于生物体中,按化学结构可分为单纯脂类(主要有甘油三酯及蜡等),复合...
-
什么是神经系统影像学检查
用成像手段使颅脑、椎管和脊髓等解剖结构及病变显影,借以诊断疾病的检查方法。在神经系统检查中占着重要地位,已得到广泛应用。对确定颅内及椎管内的肿瘤、血管疾病、炎症、寄生虫病和先天畸形等的位置(定位诊断);大小、范围及数目(定量诊断)和病理性质(定性诊断),有较高...
-
什么是肝阳上亢证
肝阴不足,与肝阳失去平衡协调,肝阳相对偏盛,浮动上亢所引起,临床以眩晕,头目胀痛,面红目赤,头重足轻为主要表现的证候。多见于头痛、眩晕、中风、耳鸣耳聋,以及西医的高血压、脑出血、脑血栓形成等疾病。肝阴与肝阳,相互依存,相互为用,对立统一,保持着相对平衡的协调稳定状...
-
什么是活体组织检查
对患者少量的病变组织或细胞材料进行的显微镜病理形态学检查。简称活检。是广泛应用的诊断技术之一。取患者的小块病变组织或体液或细胞(常用外科手术切取、钳取或刮取、抽吸等方法获得)。经过病理组织学方法或细胞学方法,制成薄切片,再在光学或电子显微镜下观察,作...